重症监护和手术科室女性护士群体职业应激表现及疲溃感、疲劳水平调查

Investigation on the occupational stress,burnout and fatigue level of female nurses in the intensive care units and surgical departments

目的调查三级甲等医院重症监护和手术科室女性护士群体职业应激表现及疲溃感、疲劳水平。方法选择中国医科大学附属第四医院42例重症监护和手术科室女性护士为调查对象(观察组),37例门诊各科室相同年龄和相同性别护士为对照组。两组对象分别接受了职业紧张调查表(OSI-R)及Maslach的工作疲溃感量表(MBI)、疲劳量表-14(FS-14)评估。结果 OSI-R调查表测试中,观察组各因子分及ORQ、PRQ总分均明显高于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05);疲溃感状态评估中,观察组的情绪枯竭、去人格化倾向维度评分均明显高于对照组,而个人工作成就感维度分明显低于后者(P<0.01,P<0.05);疲劳水平测试中,观察组的躯体疲劳维度分、脑力疲劳维度分和FS-14总分均明显高于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论 3级甲等医院重症监护和手术科室女性护士群体职业应激程度重,存在着明确的疲溃感、疲劳水平增加倾向。

Objective To investigate the occupational stress, burnout and fatigue level of the female nurses who work in intensive care units and surgical departments at the Level - 3 Grade A hospitals. Methods A total of 79 nurses from my hospital were included in the study. The fe- male nurses （n = 42） from the intensive care units and surgical departments were placed in the ob- servation group. Another 37 female nurses from the outpatient departments, who had similar age to the observation group were placed in the control group. Both groups received evaluations of Occupa- tional Stress Investigation （0SI- R）, Masiach Burnout Inventory （MBI） and Fatigue Scale- 14 （FS- 14）. Results The OSI - R results showed that all variables, overall OPQ and PRQ scores were higher in the observation group than in the control group （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. The MBI re- sults revealed that the emotional exhaustion and depersonification dimension score in the observation group were significantly higher than in the control group, and the personal achievement dimension score was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group （P〈 0.01, P 〈 0. 05）. FS- 14 results demonstrated that body fatigue dimension score, mental fatigue dimension score and overall FS- 14 score were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The occupational stress level of the female nurses who work in intensive care units and surgical departments of Level- 3 Grade- A hospitals is severe, and there is a tendency of burnout and increasing fatigue.