苯丙胺类兴奋剂所致精神障碍临床特征及治疗分析

Clinical features and treatments of mental disorders caused by amphetamine stimulants

目的:总结苯丙胺类兴奋剂所致精神障碍的临床特征及治疗。方法:对120例符合CCMD-3诊断标准的苯丙胺类兴奋剂所致精神障碍患者进行临床特征及治疗的总结和分析。结果:滥用苯丙胺者以青少年居多,男女性别差异不大,文化素质普遍偏低,职业以无业和个体为主。常见临床表现为心慌烦躁、兴奋、发热、血压升高、抑制、消瘦、性欲亢进、食欲下降、抑郁、激越和精神病症状,部分病人有口腔和鼻粘膜溃疡、震颤、行走不稳和肌张力增高等类帕金森氏病样症状等。治疗以对症治疗为主,但类帕金森氏病样症状治疗效果不佳。结论:苯丙胺类兴奋剂是一类对生理和心理有显著伤害的中枢兴奋剂,治疗以对症治疗为主,并辅以心理治疗,总体疗效尚佳。

Objective： Clinical features and treatments of mental disorders caused by amphetamine stimulants are sunanarized in this pa- per. Methods ：Clinical features and treatments of 120 patients with mental disorders caused by amphetamine stimulants in the diagnostic crite- ria of CCMD-3 are summarized and analyzed in this paper. Results：Amphetamine stimulants are more abused in adolescents,in which there is no difference in gender. In addition,they are generally poor educated and usually unemployed or self-employed. Commonly clinical features are below： fidget, excitement, fever, hypertensi on, repression, weakness, sexual excitement, decreasing appetite, depression, intense feeling and other mental disorders. Some patients may show oral and nasal mucosa ulcer, tremble, unsteady walking, increasing tensile force of muscle and other similar features of Parkinson＇s disease. To date, treatments for these diseases mainly depend on specific situations. However, the effects on Parkinson＇s disease are not obvious. Conclusion： As one of the central nervous system stimulants, amphetamine stimulants have significantly negative effects on the mental and physical health. Treatments mainly depend on specific situations with assistance of psychological measures, which show good curative effects.