精神分裂症康复期住院患者病耻感调查

Investigation of stigma of schizophrenics in hospital during recovery period

目的调查精神分裂症康复期住院患者感知病耻感状况，探讨其相关因素。方法采用贬低—歧视感知量表和病耻感经历问卷对170例康复期精神分裂症患者进行调查。结果共发放资料170份，收回有效问卷163份，有效回收率95．5％。163例精神分裂症康复期住院患者的病耻感经历总分均数为（39．24±4．76），病耻因子分为（20．34±3．07），歧视因子分为（18．87±2．03）。贬低一歧视感知状况得分为（2．63±0．37），与量表中点2．50比较差异具有统计学意义（t：4．45，P〈0．01）。≤35岁患者贬低一歧视感知得分为（2．834-0．40），病耻感经历总分为（45。31±14．36），病耻因子分为（23．69±8．58），〉35岁患者贬低一歧视感知得分为（2．58±0．34），病耻感经历总分为（39．55±12．50），病耻因子分为（20．46±7．80），不同年龄患者比较差异均有统计学意义（t分别为3．43，2．19，1．99；P〈0．05）；不同婚姻、职业、病程、住院次数的患者，贬低一歧视感知状况得分差异有统计学意义（t分别为，15．67，2．55，2．17，2．53；P〈0．ol或P〈0．05）；不同病程的患者病耻经历总分差异有统计学意义（t=2．50，P〈0．05）；不同职业、月收入的患者病耻感因子分差异有统计学意义（F分别为2．47，3．82；P〈0．05）；不同的病程的患者歧视因子分差异有统计学意义（t=2．61，P〈0．05）。结论精神分裂症康复期住院患者有较高的感知病耻感和病耻感经历，提示精神卫生干预应针对患者的具体情况，进行及时干预。

Objective To investigate the status as well as factors of stigma of schizophrenics in hospital during recovery period. Methods Depreciation-discrimination perception scale and stigma experience questionnaire were used to investigate 170 schizophrenics during recovery period. Results 163 out of 170 questionnaires were available and the response rate was 95.5%. The average point of 163 schizophrenics＇ stigma experience was （ 39.24 ± 4.76 ）, stigma factor was （ 20.34 ± 3.07 ）, and discrimination factor was （18.87 ±2.03）. The score of depreciation and discrimination perception was （2.63 ± O. 37）, and the differences were statistically significant compared to the middle point 2.50 of the scale （ t = 4.45 ,P 〈 O. O1 ）. For schizophrenics under or at the age of 35, the score of depreciation and discrimination perception was （2.83 ± O. 40）, the stigma experience score was （45.31 ± 14.36）and the stigma factor was （23.69 ＋ 8.58 ） ; while for schizophrenics older than 35, the score of depreciation and discrimination perception was （ 2.58 ± O. 34 ）, the stigma experience score was （ 39.55 ± 12.50 ） and the stigma factor was （ 20.46 ± 7.80 ）, and the differences between different ages were statistically significant （ t = 3.43,2.19,1.99, respectively; P 〈 0.05 ）. Besides, differences of the stigma experience score between patients of different marriage status, occupations, courses of disease, and hospitalization times were statistically significant （t = 15.67,2.55,2.17,2.53, respectively; P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.05）. Differences of the stigma experience score between patients of different courses of disease were statistically significant （ t = 2.50, P 〈 0.05 ）, differences of the stigma factor between patients of different occupations or monthly income were statistically significant （ F = 2.47,3.82, respectively; P 〈 0.05 ）, and differences of the discrimination factor between patients of different courses of disease were also statistically significant （t = 2. 61, P 〈 O. 05 ）. Conclusions Schizophrenics in hospital during recovery period have a relatively high degree of stigma perception and stigma experience, which suggests that mental health intervention measures should be done promptly according to the specific condition of the patients.