北京市二级精神病专科医院护士工作倦怠与工作压力源的相关分析

Correlation of work burnout and stress sources of nurses in level 2 psychiatric hospital in Beijing city

目的探讨北京市二级精神病专科医院护士工作倦怠与压力水平现状及两者相关性。方法采用工作倦怠量表（MBI）、工作压力源量表对北京市2家二级精神病专科医院的119名精神科护士进行调查。结果不同一般资料护士工作怠倦、工作压力源差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；精神科护士工作倦怠各维度得分均低于MBI常模，差异均有统计学意义（19〈0．01）。工作倦怠总分及情绪枯竭与护士压力源总分及各维度呈正相关（r=0．194～0．627，P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。去人格化倾向与除工作量及时间分配以外其余4项呈正相关（r分别为0．227，0．326，0．224，0．294，0．291；P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。个人成就感仅与管理及人际关系呈负相关（r=一0．323，P〈0．01）。精神科护士工作压力源5个维度由高至低依次为工作环境及资源方面（2．43±0．921）分、护理专业及工作方面（2．42±0．839）分、工作量及时间分配（2．40±0．892）分、患者护理方面（2．37．4-0．673）分、管理及人际关系方面（1．82．4-0．708）分。结论建议医院管理者应采取有效措施减少或消除护士工作压力源，重视应对工作倦怠的技能培训，缓解护士工作倦怠情况，提高护理质量。

Objective To investigate burnout and stress level and their correlation of nurses at class two psychiatric hospital in Beijing. Methods Burnout Inventory （MBI） and work stress scale were used to survey 119 psychiatric nurses at two class two psychiatric hospitals in Beijing. Results Both burnout and stress sources of nurses with different general information showed no statistic difference （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Psychiatric nurses＇ burnout scores were lower than the dimension of MBI norm （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Burnout and emotional exhaustion scores, total scores and the dimensions of nursing stress were significantly positively correlated （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. The tendency to depersonifieation was significantly positively correlated with other four items except the workload and time allocation （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Personal sense of achievement was only negatively significantly associated with management and interpersonal relationship （ r = - 0. 323, P 〈 0.01 ）. Sources of work stress of psychiatric nurses in 5 dimensions from high to low is working environment and resources （2.43±0. 921 ）, the nursing profession and work （ 2.42±0. 839 ）, workload and time allocation （ 2.40± 0. 892 ）, patients care （2.37 ±0.673）, management and interpersonal relationship （ 1.82±0.708 ）. Conclusions Hospital managers is recommended to take effective measures to reduce or eliminate sources of stress of nurses, emphasis on the training of coping with the working burnout, relieve the nurses working burnout, and enhance the caring quality.