西太平洋暖池和北京地区大气水特征的地基遥感测量

Characteristics of Atmospheric Water over Western Pacific Warm Pool and Beijing: A Summary of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometric Measurements

近十多年来，用地基双波长（０８５、１．３５ｃｍ）微波辐射计（和雨强计）分别在西太平洋暖池和北京地区对大气水做了多次高时间分辨率长时间连续监测，本文是这些资料的分析总结。文中定量给出了大气水汽（和云液水）的日、季节内、季、年、年际的变化和变化的地理差异；定量给出了大气三水（水汽、云液水和雨水）的季节统计分布特征和地理差异；得到了大气三水之间的定量比例，并得到了降水概率、降水效率和云中水循环次数等与降水过程有关的参量与多种大气水参量之间的统计关系，在一定程度上揭示了大气水循环特征。

During recent two decades, a dual-wavelength (0.86 and 1.35 cm) ground-based microwave radiometer (and automatic rain measurement system) was on many occasio us operated over the tropical western Pacific ' warm pool' and Beijing, respectively. Three variables of atmospheric water (precipitable water vapor Q. vertically path-integrated cloud liquid water content L and 5-minute av- erage of rain rate R) are measured simultaneously and continuously. This paper focuses on a summarized analyses or these measurements. The main results are related to (1 ) quantitative variation rates of Q (and L) and their geographical differences on varied (diurnal, intraseasonal. seasonal, annual, and interannual) time scales, (2) seasonal statistical distributions of Q, L and R as well as their geographical differences, (3) quantitative ratios among the three variables, and (4) some parameters (probability and effectiveness of precipitation and cloud water cycle parameter) related to precipitation process as well as statistical relationship among these parameters and other available parameters of atmospheric water. The results reveal characteristics of atmospheric water cycle to some extent.