多元激进民主究竟是怎样的“民主”——拉克劳和墨菲的民主理论及其启示

What Kind of "Democracy" Is Radical and Plural Democracy——Laclau and Mouffe's Theory of Democracy and Its Implication

民主运动从资产阶级革命一开始就和追求社会平等的目标联系在一起。它要用等同的逻辑来颠覆社会压迫。在当代资本主义的新背景下,传统的民主运动应该被改造为多元激进民主运动:既承认社会差别又要借助于等同逻辑来颠覆由社会差别所引起的压迫。如果激进民主没有多元性的约束就会走向社会的无序状态,乃至走向极权主义,如果多元性没有激进民主的约束社会就会走向等级结构。推进现代多元激进民主还必须借助于领导权,使这种民主运动真正有助于社会主义。

Even from the beginning of the bourgeois revolution, democratic movement has been related to the aim of seeking social equality. It overthrows social oppression with the logic of equivalence. In the background of the contemporary capitalism, traditional social movement should be transformed into radical and plural democracy： it both acknowledges the social difference and overthrows the social oppression caused by social difference with the logic of equivalence. If radical democracy has no restriction from plurality, and then the society will be led to chaos, even to totalitarianism; if plurality has no restriction from radical democracy, and then the society will be led to hierarchy. It is only with the hegemony that the promotion of radical and plural democracy would be possible, and the democracy could be helpful for socialism.