以权力正当性的形式要求为基础的形式法治——对罗尔斯《正义论》中法治理论的解读

Formal Rule-by-Law Based on the Formal Requirement of Justice of Right——Interpretation of Rawls' Rule-by-Law Theory in A Theory of Justice

对罗尔斯的法治理论有两种解读,一种是形式法治论,另一种是实质法治论。但形式法治论不能解释罗尔斯对法律的形式要求源自对自由的保证,而实质法治论证又不能解释为何罗尔斯认为法治与不正义是相容的。如果将对自由的保证看做是对权力正当性的形式要求,则可以很好地理解罗尔斯对法治的论述。在这种理解的基础上,探讨以权力正当性的形式要求为基础的形式法治论,可以说明形式法治的道德价值在于削弱权力本身之恶。

There are two ways to interpret Rawls＇ theory of rule-by-law： one is the formal rule-by-law; the other is essential rule-by-law. The former can not explain Rawls＇ formal requirement of law originates form the guarantee of freedom and the latter can not explain why he thinks rule-by-law is compatible with injustice. If we regard the guarantee of freedom as the requirement of the justice of right, a good understanding of Rawls＇ theory of rule-by-law can be reached. Based on this, an exploration into the formal rule-by-law based on the formal requirement of justice of right can explain the moral value of formal ruleby-law lies in reducing evil in right.