泸沽湖浮游植物的初步研究

The Preliminary Study on Phytoplankton in Lugu Lake

为研究泸沽湖水生态系统结构,2010年1月、4月、8月、11月对浮游植物进行了季节调查。结果表明,泸沽湖有浮游植物6门、9纲、21目、35科、72属、146种(变种),种类组成和数量结构均以硅藻和绿藻为主,无突出的优势种群,显示出泸沽湖浮游植物组成多样,结构复杂,生态系统处于良性循环状态。泸沽湖浮游植物现存量17.8×104～104.0×104个/L,平均为41.43×104个/L,指示水体营养物质含量低,水质优良。在大落水湾、里格湾、大嘴湾、大鱼坝湾、红崖子湾、小落水湾、杜家村湾、落凹湾等人为活动较频繁的区域,表现出不同程度有机污染。应控制湖周人类活动的区域,采取旅游污染控制、森林生态保护、水土流失治理、河口水质净化、污水治理工程等综合措施防范水体污染。

In order to understand the aquatic ecosystem structure of Lugu Lake, the phytoplankton composition was investigated seasonally at January, April, August and November in 2010. Phytoplankton of 6 classes, 21 orders, 35 families, 72 genus and 146 species were identified in Lugu Lake through one year investigation. Species compo- sition and distribution structure were mainly diatoms and green algae, without prominent dominant species. This result indicated that the Lugu Lake composition of phytoplankton species was of much diversity, structure being complex and state of the ecosystem being operated in a healthy cycle. The population density of the phytoplankton was between 17.8 × 10^4 cells/L and 104.0× 10^4 cells/L, with the average of 41.43 × 10^4 cells/L, which suggest a lower eutrophication level and good water quality. However, different slight pollutions of organic pollutants were found in some bay areas such as Daluoshui, Lige, Dazhui, Dayuba, Hongyazi, Xiaoluoshui, Dajiacun and Luoao, where are very populous. These organic pollutions can be prevented by controlling human activity in the confined area, protecting forest and ecology, treating soil erosion and water pollution, purifying inflow water in estuary area and other comprehensive measures.