超高温、大热流、非线性气动热环境试验模拟及测试技术研究

On the Experimental Simulation of Ultra-high Temperature,High Heat Flux and Nonlinear Aerodynamic Heating Environment and Thermo-machanical Testing Technique

超高温、大热流、非线性气动热环境试验模拟技术及相应的极端高温环境力学测试技术,是高超声速飞行器防热材料和结构安全设计中事关研制成败的关键技术。本文介绍了自行研制的可实现高至210℃/s的极快非线性升温速率、能够生成高达2MW/m2的瞬态非线性热流密度、实现高达1500℃超高温氧化热环境的石英灯红外辐射式气动热环境试验模拟系统。基于这一性能优越的超高温气动热环境试验模拟系统,发展了如下超高温热环境力学测试技术:1)提出对环境光变化不敏感的主动成像数字图像相关方法,实现了C/SiC复合材料1550℃高温变形的非接触、全场光学测量;2)发展了1400℃超高温热/力联合试验环境下SiC/SiC复合材料结构的断裂特性试验测试技术。本文还简要介绍了高速巡航导弹翼面结构900℃高温热振联合试验,950℃高温非线性热环境下的蜂窝结构隔热性试验等研究内容。本文所发展的超高温气动热环境试验模拟技术和高温热环境力学测试技术,对航天航空领域高超声速飞行器的研制具有重要的军事工程应用价值。

Experiment simulation technique for ultra-high temperature, high heat flux and nonlinear aerodynamic thermal environment and corresponding extreme high temperature environment mechanical testing techniques are the key point in the design of hypersonic vehicle thermal protection material and structural safety, which is related to the success or failure of vehicle development. Principle and capability of a home-developed quartz lamp infrared radiation-based aerodynamic heating simulation system is introduced in this paper. This system is capable of producing nonlinear dynamic thermal shock process with heat flux of 2MW/m2, heating rate up to 210℃/s, and highest temperature up to 1500℃. A number of experiments were performed based on the home-developed heating simulation system. These experiments include but not limited to： （1） new method of insensitive to ambient light change active imaging digital image correlation was proposed. By using non-contact optical metrology, full-field high-temperature deformation can be measured up to 1550℃ （2） fracture property testing of composite material SiC/SiC specimen in thermal environment up to 1400℃ was accomplished. Some experimental studied are also demonstrated briefly in this paper, such as thermal-vibration test for wing structure of high-speed cruise missile and experimental and numerical investigation of heat-shielding properties of honeycomb panel structure in non-linear thermal environment up to 950℃. Above-mentioned aerodynamic heating simulation system and mechanical testing methods have great military engineering application values in the design of hypersonic flight vehicle and aerospace and aeronautics fields.