傅山政治思想平议

On Fu Shan's Political Thoughts

傅山反专制思想的资源基本来于道、释两家,基于"因自然",始于反"奴性",终于爱"众生"。经由万物一体的平等观,傅山肯定了民众基本生存欲望的合理性,否定了专制君权不容疑议的合法性,但他没有提出具有未来指向的价值观和制度设计。他所追求的平等只是人作为类存在的生存权的平等,或作为道德主体的人格平等,而不是作为法律主体的权利的平等;他所伸张的自由只是自做主宰的精神的自由,而不是由制度保障的现实的自由。傅山仍然是传统体系内部相对于主流的"异端",而不是得风气之先的思想启蒙者。

Fu Shan＇s anti -authoritarian ideas originated basically from the Taoism and the Buddhism which were ＂by the principle of nature＂ to begin to be against ＂servility＂, and finally to love ＂the human beings＂. Through the concept all things being equal, Fu Shan assured the rationality of the desire of the people for the basic survival, and denied the abso- lute legality of the autocratic monarch, but he did not put forward to the future values and ideal system. As for the equality he sought was the basic right for the human beings or as a moral subject of personality equal, but not as the equality of rights for the responsibility of the subject. Moreover, the freedom he advocated was to dominate the spirit of freedom by himself, but not the reality of freedom by the system protected. Fu Shan was still the ＂heresy＂ of the mainstream rather than the enlightenment pioneer for the new trend.