新颖表达的社会语用解读

A Social-Pragmatic Approach to Some Novel Uses of BEI

社会上流行的新颖表达仅靠句法意义理论来解释是不够的,比如"被×"表达就需要通过句法、语义、语用的合力作用才能得到解读。本文在英汉被动句基本类型的对比基础上,分析了汉语中意念被动句、"被"字句等,并进一步把"被"字句分析成主语是动词受事的"直接被动句"、主语是事件受事的"间接被动句"。间接被动句的典型特征是:主语受到消极影响、主语不在事件结构中充当参与者。目前在汉语中流行的另一种"被×"表达因主语既是施事又是事件参与者,故不属于上述范畴。本文运用构式语法的相关理论分析了这种新的"被×"表达的基本特点,认为"被×"构式提供了"组构冲突"的句法坏境,导致语境介入对其中的"被"进行重新解读。

In Chinese,novel uses of BEI cannot be sufficiently accounted for merely by syntax and semantics.Related social and pragmatic factors should be considered to justify the 'constructional conflict' as evidenced in various 'BEI ×' expressions prevalent nowadays.The prototypical BEI-passives can be subcategorized into the direct-passive and the indirect passive.In the indirect passive expressions the subject is the negatively affected INDIRECT PATIENT of a related event marked by BEI and is not the participant of the event.However,in the BEI-× construction which obviously belongs to another category,the incompatibility between BEI and its following non-transitive expression can be endowed with new meanings through reinter-pretations propelled by pertinent social-pragmatic contexts.