词汇表征研究概述

A Review of Lexical Representation Research

心理词汇研究是心理语言学的重要组成部分,但由于词汇表征的复杂性和不稳定性,其研究过程复杂而困难。本文从三个方面对以往研究进行评述:(1)三类心理词汇模型,即网络模型(侧重于有联想关系的词汇表征方式)、分布模型(以语义相似性为出发点)和词汇提取模型(描述从记忆中提取词汇的方式);(2)六种传统实证研究方法,包括涉及词名层的词汇判断、念词实验和涉及概念层的语义启动实验、归类实验、词汇联想、词汇翻译;(3)影响词汇信息表征和提取的因素,包括词频、词类、形态音位结构、语义关系、二语水平。各部分先对各种情况进行简单介绍,进而说明其适用范围、存在的问题及相互间的关系。最后在总结的基础上,简要说明心理词汇研究的意义。

As an important endeavor in psycholinguistics,mental lexicon research may be complex and difficult on account of the complexity and instability of lexical representations.This paper reviews the research from three aspects:(1) the three models of mental lexicon,i.e.,the Network Model(based on associative meaning),the Distributed Model(based on semantic similarity),and the Lexical Access Model(concerned with the ways of identifying and accessing lexical entries);(2) six traditional research methods that fall under two major types,i.e.,lexical-level experiments such as lexical decision and word naming,and conceptual-level experiments such as semantic priming,categorization,word association,and word translation;(3) factors that influence lexical representation and access,including word frequency,word types,morphological and phonological structures,semantic relations,and L2 proficiency.After a brief introduction of each topic,the paper elaborates on its applicability,problems and relations with others.A brief account of the significance of the research is given at the end.