认知活跃区英汉语言表征差异与翻译

Different Linguistic Representations of Cognitive Active Zones and Translation between English and Chinese

人类语言中普遍存在着以凸显实体为认知参照点来激活非凸显实体的认知取向。活跃区是认知语言学的一个重要概念,它本质上是一种认知参照点现象。在把心智中与活跃区相关的认知结构表征到语符层面时,英汉语言对活跃区的表征方式差异远大于共性。差异体现在英语倾向隐化活跃区,而汉语倾向显化活跃区。这种差异与各语言的词汇化程度有密切关系。英汉互译时,认知活跃区在译文中是否以语符形式表征,要以作为认知参照点之语符表征的事体名词能否导引出与原文相同的意义为标准。如果能够,则隐去活跃区,否则必须表征活跃区。这种翻译进路在很大程度上摆脱了原文语言形式的束缚,实现了从注重语言形式到注重语言背后的认知机制的转变。

Prominent items tend to serve as cognitive reference points to invoke other entities.Active zone,an important concept of cognitive semantics,has essentially to do with cognitive reference point.In representing the same conceptual structure,English and Chinese deal with active zones differently.The difference is due to different degrees of lexicalization of concepts and categories.This easily results in problems in translation.In translation,the linguistic representation of an active zone depends on whether the reference point can evoke the same meaning as that of source text.If so,the active zone is not represented,and if not,it represented.In this translating path,attention is paid to the cognitive mechanism of language instead of linguistic form.