分与合的辩证法:新中国农村生产组织之变迁及其启示——兼论毛泽东对中国农村现代化道路的探索

Dialectics of Separation and Reunion:New Changes in Rural Production Organization of China and Its Revelation:On Mao Ze-dong's Exploration of Rural Modernization in China

新中国成立后,随着社会主义农业集体经济制度的确立、巩固和发展,农村生产组织形式经历了"合—分—合"的历史过程。由互助组到合作社再到人民公社一步步走向"合"的过程,体现了毛泽东对农村通过集体之路迈向现代化的思考与努力;改革开放后各地逐渐抛弃政社合一的人民公社体制,实行以家庭承包为核心的双层经营体制,这是由"合"走向"分"的过程,体现了新一代领导集体对农村现代化道路的进一步探索;进入21世纪以来,由"分"带来的农民"原子化"状态阻碍了农民生活质量的提升和农村社会的和谐发展,从而使得走向新形势下的"合"不仅必要而且可能。

After the founding of New China, with the establishment, consolidation and development of a- gricultural collective economic system of socialism, rural productive organization form has experiericed his- torical process of ＂uniting, separation and reunion＂. The process from mutual aid period to the CoopeTa- tives to step toward People＇s commune ＂uniting＂ embodies Mao Ze-dong^s thinking and effort on rural col- lective road towards modernization. After reform and opening up gradually abandoning the social integra- tion of the people＇s commune system of government, introduction to contract for two-tier management sys- tem at the core of the family, this is from ＂uniting＂ to ＂separation＂ process, embodies the further explo- ration towards rural modernization road of the new leading collective generation. Since the beginning of 21st century, ＂Separation＂ bringing farmers ＂atomization＂ has hindered farmers high-quality life and the harmonious development of rural society, so that ＂reunion＂ under the new situation is not only necessary but also possible.