宋代科举与辞赋嬗变

The Imperial Examinations in the Song Dynasty and the Evolution of Cifu

宋代科举之进士科继唐制考赋,经历了宋初殿试、元祐复赋与乾、淳隆文三度盛况,并通过归复王言、观觇才学、闱场争锋、经典重塑和科制延续,展示了一代辞赋创作的嬗变与兴衰。考察宋代文制与辞赋的关系,不仅要关注宋初、元祐与乾淳考赋兴盛期的情形,更应思考北宋"元祐"前后熙宁、绍圣朝廷两度罢赋的举措,正是在此罢、复之间,士子处经义与辞赋的矛盾、冲突,以及对两度罢赋而废赋的反思中,在南宋时代确立起"元祐体"、"乾淳体"辞赋的经典意义。

Jinshi ke, a category of the imperial examination for recommending candidates for the mandar- inate, inherited from the examination system of the Tang and the Song Dynasties in China, reached its peak in the court examination in the early Song with the restoration of the fu examination in the Yuanyou Period, and was in full bloom during the Qiandao-Chunxi Period in the Southern Song. Some features of finshi ke demonstrate the evolution, thriving, and decline of thefu writing in Song China. To examine the relation between scholar-bureaucrat system and c/fu, a kind of rhymed literary writing, it is suggested that not only the peak is of great weight, but the suspension of the fu examination, which was carried out twice before and after the Yuanyou Period, is to be taken into serious consideration. Because just be- tween the suspension and restoration, the scholars caught in a dilemma of Confucian classics and c/fit be- gan to ponder on the suspension and therefore established the classical Yuanyou style and Qian-Chun style in the Southern Song Dynasty.