“枪手代笔”的著作权问题与消费者利益保护

Copyright Problems concerning Ghostwriting and the Protection of Interest of Consumers

"枪手代笔"行为是否合法,关键看署名权的转移是否合法。实践中,当事方通常借助三种途径实现署名方式的转移:转让著作权、委托创作作品中的约定和署名权的行使。围绕着这三种行为的合法性,存在两种不同的观点:意思自治视角坚持可自由转移的立场,公共利益视角则反对这种转移。实际上,意思自治原则与公共利益理念结合起来才能够客观评判"枪手代笔"的合法性。更为重要的是,文化消费者的利益应该受到重视。署名权的转让、约定和行使,影响到文化消费者的知情权、选择权和公平交易权。为保障文化消费者的利益,建议著作权法规范署名方式,打击有损公共利益和消费者利益的"枪手代笔"行为。

The legality of ghostwriter＇s behavior depends much on the legitimate convey of the right of signature. In practice, there are three measures to bring about above-mentioned convey, which include copyright transfer, agreement on commissioned works, and exercise signature right. There are controversial viewpoints about the three acts. One side thinks that it is legal from autonomy of the will; the other side thinks it encroaches on public interests and illegal. In fact, the principle of autonomy and the concept of public interest only combines, we can be able to objectively judge the legitimacy of the gunmen ghostwriter. More importantly, the cultural consumers＇ interests should be taken seriously. The transfer or the agreement or the exercise of the signature right affects consumers＇ right to know, right to choice or right to fair trade. In order to protect consumer privilege, copyright law should formulate specification of signature, and at the same time combat detrimental to public interests and consumer interests.