北京市郊区老年人传染病相关知识、行为和技能现状

Knowledge,behaviors and skills relating to infectious diseases among 1335 elderly residents in the suburbs of Beijing

目的了解北京市郊区老年人传染病相关知识水平、行为习惯和技能掌握情况,为在郊区老年人中开展传染病健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群系统抽样,选取1 335名60岁及以上老年人作为调查对象。使用自行设计的"北京市居民传染病健康素养调查问卷"对其传染病相关的知识水平、行为习惯和技能掌握现状进行调查。结果 "发热的定义"、"甲肝传播途径"、"乙肝传播途径"、"艾滋病传播途径"等知识的知晓率均低于35.4%;"到发热门诊戴口罩"、"涮肉时,用专用筷子夹肉"、"2010年注射流感疫苗"等行为的形成率均低于47.2%;五项技能的掌握率均低于53.2%。多数老年人传染病相关知识知晓率、行为具有率以及技能掌握率都随着文化程度增加而增加(P<0.05);但"2010年注射流感疫苗"的行为具有率有随着文化程度增加而降低的趋势(P<0.05)。结论当前北京郊区老年人(尤其是文化程度较低的老年人)传染病相关知识的知晓率、行为具有率和技能掌握率仍较低,因此应加强老年人传染病相关知识健康教育,培养其良好的生活习惯,提高其传染病防控技能。

Objective To understand situation on knowledge,behaviors and skills relating to infectious diseases among the elderly in the suburbs of Beijing,to provide reference for infectious diseases prevention.Methods1 335 residents aged over 60 years were recruited using three-stage systematic sampling.The information on knowledge,behaviors and skills about infectious diseases among the elderly was collected by using a self-designed questionnaire .ResultsMost of awareness rates of knowledge relating to infectious diseases were less than 35.4%,such as＂the definition of fever＂,＂the transmission of hepatitis B,hepatitis A or HIV＂;Most of behavior rates relating to infectious diseases were less than 47.2%,such as ＂use of face mask at fever clinics＂,＂pick up raw meat with special chopsticks＂,＂influenza vaccination in 2010＂;All the rates of skills relating to infectious diseases were less than 53.2%.Most rates of knowledge,behaviors,and skills relating to infectious diseases were increasing with the education levels（P〈0.05）.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that the elderly in the suburbs were short of knowledge,good behaviors and skills relating to infectious diseases,and more measures should be taken to improve their knowledge,behaviors and skills.