三角叶黄连丛枝菌根真菌的多样性研究

Diversity Study of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Coptis deltoidea

目的:调查三角叶黄连主产区根围中丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF)的资源和分布情况。方法:采用碱解离-乳酸甘油酸性品红染色法观察三角叶黄连根系侵染情况,并计算侵染率;采用湿筛-倾注-蔗糖离心法分离提取孢子,利用形态特征及组织化学染色的方法对AMF孢子进行分类鉴定。结果:三角叶黄连能与AMF形成菌根,不同产地采集三角叶黄连菌根侵染率不同,为23.3%～34.4%;从6个产地共分离出了6属30种丛枝菌根真菌,其中无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 17种、球囊霉属Glomus 7种、巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora 2种、内养囊霉属Entrophospora 1种、类球囊霉属Paraglomus 1种和原囊霉属Archaeospora 2种,无梗囊霉属和球囊霉属是三角叶黄连根系土壤中AMF的优势种群;道地产区洪雅的AMF最丰富。结论:三角叶黄连是菌根营养型植物,其产区AMF具有丰富的多样性,是三角叶黄连的扩大生产和无公害丰产栽培中具有重要应用前景的生物资源。

Objective ： To investigate the resources and distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi （AMF） in rhizosphere of Coptis deltoidea. Methods ：The colonization situation of AMF of Coptis deltoidea were detected by acid fuchsin staining and then calculated the colonization rate. AMF fungal spores were obtained by Wet-screening method and then classified and identified by their morphological characteristics and histochemical staining method. Results： Coptis deltoidea and AMF could engender the mycorrhiza. Colonization rates were different in different producing areas and ranged from 23.3% to 34. 4%. Thirty species of AMF belonging in 6 genera were found, including 17 species of the Acaulospora ,7 of the Glomus ,2 of the Gigaspora, 1 of the Entrophospora, 1 of the Paraglomus and 2 of the Archaeospora were isolated from rhizosphere of Coptis deltoidea. Acaulospora and Glomus were the dominant genera and the AMF species of genuine producing regions in Hongya county was the most diversiform among the six areas. Conclusion ： Coptis deltoidea is a kind of nutrition type of mycorrhiza plant. The rich diversity of AMF of Coptis deltoidea in producing areas make the AMF is a biological re- source of significant application prospects in enlarging yield and non-pollution production.