中国科学思潮的失真——重评20世纪二三十年代的科学思潮

The Distortion of Chinese Scientific Trend:Reappraising the Scientific Trend in the 1920s and 1930s

中国20世纪二三十年代的科学思潮被定性为科学主义或唯科学主义思潮,似乎已是不刊之论,然而事实并非如此。虽然中国科学思潮与西方科学主义存在渊源关系和相似之处,但是中国科学思潮诞生于救亡图存的社会历史背景,根植于实用理性的传统文化土壤,缺乏求真务实的科学精神和广泛深入的科学实践,并且存在科学派和唯物派的内在分立,并非真正意义上的科学思潮,而是一种前科学的科学主义。它传入时正当民族救亡之际,填补了五四反传统之后的形而上价值空缺,带有强烈的功利性。五四之后,科学思潮进一步意识形态化,摒弃了求真的精神。中国科学思潮没有实现中西接轨,反而因其失真成为了中国现代化道路上的障碍。

Chinese scientific trend in the 1920s and 1930s has been determined as the scientism, which is doubtless. But it is not true. Actually Chinese scientific trend has relations and similarities with the occi- dental scientism. But it came into being in the period of national jeopardy and was influenced by tradition- al practicality philosophy and lacked scientific spirit and practice, so it was not really the scientism, but the pre-scientism. It had strong society utility, for example,it ever filled up the vacancy of metaphysics in the May 4 period. It had been more strongly ideologized after the May 4 period. The Chinese scientific trend did not shorten the gap between China and the occident, but became the block of modernization.