苗族村落社区消防预警教育机制的文化诠释——以黔东南苗族“洗寨”习俗为例

On Cultural Interpretation of the Education System of Fire Warning in Villages and Communities of Miao People——a Case Study of the Custom of “Xi Zhai” of the Miao People in Southeast Guizhou Province

作为黔东南苗族木质建筑村落这一特殊文化空间普遍共享的原生宗教仪式——"洗寨"是苗族先民对"火"心存敬畏的文化表达。同时,作为苗族村落社区的"重大事件","洗寨"仪式调用神圣与世俗的力量巧妙化解社区矛盾,强化着社区内部习惯法的公正与威严,让防"火殃"、敬"火神"以"社区指令"的形式潜入群体成员的意识中,进而实现对集体行动一致性的内化约束,降低社区消防风险,因而成了苗族村落精英借用传统的文化力量实现社区管理的策略与手段。

As a unique and original religious ceremony, ＂Xi Zhai＂ （ 洗寨） is generally shared in Miao＇ s wooden building villages in Qiandongnan（黔东南）region. ＂Xi Zhai＂ is Miao ancient＇s awestruck expres- sion to the fire. Meanwhile,＂Xi Zhai＂ is usually considered as an important event in Miao＇s villages com- munities, and it emphasizes the divine power and the secular force to dissolve the inner contradictions, and strengthens the justice and dignity of the customary law in the communities. ＂Xi Zhai＂ also makes the fire warning consciousness permeate into the every member＇s brain as the community instructions. Furthermore,it can restrict people＇s behavior and reduce the fire risks. So ＂Xi Zhai＂ actually becomes means used by the village leaders when they administrate their community.