不同施肥水平对日光温室番茄产量和品质的影响

Effects of different fertilization levels on yield and quality of greenhouse tomato

【目的】研究不同施肥水平对日光温室春茬番茄果实产量和品质的影响,为日光温室番茄的高产优质栽培确定合理的施肥指标。【方法】以"金棚一号"番茄为试材,以当地常规施肥为对照,设定3个不同的施肥水平(T1.每小区的施肥量为尿素711.1g、过磷酸钙1 511.1g、硫酸钾462.2g、牛粪46.67kg;T2.每小区的施肥量为尿素1 066.7g、过磷酸钙2 266.7g、硫酸钾693.3g、牛粪70.00kg;T3.每小区的施肥量尿素1 422.2g、过磷酸钙3 022.2g、硫酸钾924.3g、牛粪93.33kg,小区面积4.68m2)处理,测定番茄果实产量及果实中NO3--N、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、有机酸、VC、番茄红素的含量。【结果】与对照相比,T1、T2、T3处理的番茄产量分别提高了11.5%,43.4%和25.5%,其中T2处理的单果质量、小区果数、产量均高于T1和T3处理。随着施肥量的增加,NO3--N、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比减小,番茄红素和有机酸含量呈上升趋势,VC含量呈先上升后下降趋势。【结论】综合考虑产量和品质因素,T2处理的施肥量最佳。推荐的施肥量为:每hm2施N 1 182.0kg、P2O5655.5kg、K2O835.5kg、牛粪168.75t,在此施肥条件下,番茄可得到较高的产量和较好的品质。

【Objective】 Under different fertilizer levels,the yield and quality of tomato in solar greenhouse in spring were explored,which can provide a theoretical evidence for the reasonable fertilization index to ensure the high quality and high yield of tomato in greenhouse cultivation.【Method】 With tomato ＂Jinpeng No.1＂ as experimental materials,taking local conventional fertilization as control treatment,setting 3 different fertilization levels（The fertilization amount T1 was carbamide 711.1 g,calcium superphosphate 1 511.1 g,potassium sulphate 462.2 g,cow dung 46.67 kg.The fertilization amount T2 was carbamide 1 066.7 g,calcium superphosphate 2 266.7 g,potassium sulphate 693.3 g,cow dung 70.00 kg.The fertilization amount T3 was carbamide 1 422.2 g,calcium superphosphate 3 022.2 g,potassium sulphate 924.3 g,cow dung 93.33 kg.The area was 4.68 m2 per plot.）,the yield of tomato and the content of NO-3-N,soluble sugar,soluble solids,organic acids,lycopene and VC in the fruit of tomato were investigated.【Result】 The results showed that,compared with the control,the treatments of tomato yield were increased by 11.5%,43.4%,25.5%,where fruit weight,fruit number,area yield and yield per hm2 of T2 treatment were higher than those of T1 and T3 treatments.With the increase of fertilization,the content of NO-3-N,soluble sugar content,soluble solids content and the ratio of sugar to acid decreased,but lycopene and organic acid content showed an upward trend.【Conclusion】 Taking all the factors as a whole,T2 is the most suitable fertilizer.Therefore the recommended fertilization is N 1 182 kg,P2O5 655.5 kg,K2O 835.5 kg,cow dung 168.75 t per hm2.Under this condition,the highest yield and best quality of tomato can be obtained.