云南贫困农村地区0～6岁儿童营养不良影响因素分析

Influencing factors of malnutrition of the children within 6 years in pour rural areas of Yunnan Province

目的分析2006-2009年云南省贫困农村地区0～6岁儿童营养不良状况,探讨其影响因素。方法采用随机整群分层抽样的方法,抽取云南省4个贫困县农村地区4873名0～6岁儿童,通过询问调查、血红蛋白检测和膳食调查进行问卷调查,并测量身高、体重,采用Z评分法进行营养状况评价,计算营养不良率。采用非条件logistic回归多因素分析。结果 2006-2009年云南贫困农村地区6岁以下儿童低体重率为15.2%,生长迟缓率为11.5%,消瘦率为7.1%。排除了其他变量的影响后显示,儿童出生以后6个月喂养方式为母乳喂养的比混合喂养或人工喂养更不容易发生营养不良;儿童添加谷类、蛋类、水果、锌补充剂辅食不容易发生营养不良,儿童添加钙补充剂辅食容易发生营养不良。较早对2～5岁儿童添加动物肝脏、血辅食比较晚添加更不容易发生营养不良。结论儿童营养不良的影响因素主要有儿童出生后6个月内的喂养方式、2岁以下婴幼儿近一个月内辅食添加、2～5岁儿童辅食添加月龄、2～5岁儿童过去一年内食物添加及频率等。

Objective To analyze the status of malnutrition for the children within 6 years in pour rural areas of Yunnan during 2006 - 2009 and to study it＇s influencing factors. Methods By the random cluster sampling and stratified sampling methods, 4873 children within 6 years in rural areas were selected from four poverty-stricken counties in Yunnan Province. The questionnaire survey including questionnaire, anthropometric measurement and dietary survey such as body height and weight were used respectively for the survey. Z scores were calculated to evaluate the nutritional status. The prevalence of malnutrition was calculated by statistics software. Multiple factors analysis were finished by non condition logistic regression in software. Results During 2006 - 2009, of all children under the age of 6 years, the underweight rate is 15.2% , stunted growth rate is ll. 5% and emaciation rate is 7.1% in impoverished rural area of Yunnan Province. Removing other variables, the result indicated： （1） The children with breastfeeding in first six months are less possible to get malnutrition than the children with formula feeding or mixed breastfeeding and formula feeding. （2） The children who are complemented grains, eggs, fruits and zinc supplement are less possible to get malnutrition than those children who are not. （3） Comparing these children who are provided with calcium supplement, the children who are not are more possible to get malnutrition. （4） Supplying supplementary such as anin^al liver and blood in earlier period can decrease the possibility to get malnutrition among 2-5 years old children. Conclusion The main influencing factors of Children malnutrition include feeding ways in first six months, increasing supplementary food in recent one month among the children younger than 2 years old, month age when supplementary food were introduced in 2-5years old children, and the types and frequency of introducing supplementary food among 2-5 years old children.