艾比湖退化湿地的生态恢复

Eco-restoration of Degenerative Wetland in AIBI Lake Region

精河入湖口是典型干旱区湖泊湿地,也是艾比湖湿地的重要组成部分。近50年来,由于人类活动及气候变化等多种因素影响,艾比湖湿地生态系统健康受到威胁,出现不同程度的退化。为改善和恢复生态环境,自2004年开始实施湿地恢复实验工程。选择未恢复区、恢复1年区、恢复3年区和恢复5年区,比较其水、浮游生物、植被、土壤及碳循环等生态特征,结合野外调查及试验数据分析,对其恢复状态进行监测和评价。结果显示,至2009年,试验区湿地水域面积比例增加,水质得到改善,植被群落呈正向演替,土壤达到中、轻度盐碱化土水平,水禽种类增加,生物多样性更加丰富,土壤呼吸速率随恢复时间延长而逐渐提高。由此表明,只要水源充足,精河入湖口退化湿地在恢复过程中经4～5年即可恢复到未退化状态,以恢复湿地水文条件为核心措施的湿地恢复方案具有可行性。研究对于干旱区其他类型湿地的恢复及生态功能的改善具有指导作用。

Jinghe river estuary wetland is the main proportion of AIBI lake wetland.Influenced greatly by the human activities and the climate change,the wetland eco-system in the Jinghe river estuary has been deteriorating in the past 50 years.An experimental project had been developed to restore the eco-environment of this region since 2004.Four sample regions were included early restoration（2004）,medium-term restoration（2006）,end-stage restoration（2008） and unrecovered as observation station were chosen.The evaluation of the wetland was researched with the ecological characteristics of water,phytoplankton,vegetation,soil physical and chemical properties and soil respiration.With the water area increased and the water quality improved,the soil salinity was reduced to the medium and the low level;the vegetation was improved in the positive succession;the biodiversity in the restored wetland was obviously improved;the soil respiration rate went up along with the recovery and the number of water fowls increased in 2009.The results show that water is dominant factor in the restoring process of arid wetland.The degenerative wetland will come back to the initial status if the sufficient water could be supplied.This restoration project is relatively successful,and is an instructional example for the expanding of the ecological restoration in the arid region.