人口特征对收入分配的影响研究——基于深圳和重庆数据的分析

Demographic Impact on Income Inequality:Evidence from Shenzhen and Chongqing

使用深圳市和重庆市两座城市2005年7月的居民抽样调查数据,运用基于人口特征的收入差距群体分解方法对两市的收入分配结构进行了对比研究。研究发现,虽然深圳市的城市居民收入分配差距大于重庆市,但一些代表个人身份的特征,如城市户籍、民族等因素,在深圳市城市居民收入分配中的作用却明显小于重庆市。在两座城市,就业行业和受教育程度是影响城市居民收入分配差距最主要的因素。由于就业行业与受教育水平密切相关,因此,在经济发展过程中不断加强教育投入,强化教育资源的均等化,防止受教育机会不平等的出现和扩大,对于防范中国经济由收入分配不公带来的风险意义重大。

Drawing upon data from a sample survey of urban residents conducted in July 2005 in Shenzhen and Chongqing, this paper examines and compares income distribution structure in the two cities. The technique of inequality decomposition by population subgroups has been used to study the effects of the Population Characteristics on income inequality. There is a much higher income inequality index in Shenzhen than in Chonqing, but personal identity characteristics, such as household registration and nationality, have less influence in Shenzhen than in Chongqing. The population＇s industry and education compositions are the most important influencing factor of income distribution. Since employment industry and education level are closely related, improving financial input in education and balancing education resource distribution have important implications for preventing economic risk from income inequality in China.