如何理解马克思的三大社会形态理论——兼评学界的几种常见理解

How to Understand Marx's Theory of Three Social Forms——With Reference to Some Common Understanding in the Academic Circle

《1857—1858年经济学手稿》是马克思继19世纪40年代对哲学、经济学进行初步探索后,其哲学和经济学思想发展的又一个高峰。长期以来,学界对这部手稿中的三大社会形态理论争论不休,莫衷一是。本文从唯物史观的视角,梳理了三大社会形态理论的形成脉络,阐述了三大社会形态的基本含义,并在此基础上对学界关于三大社会形态理论的几种理解进行了反思。

Economic Manuscripts of 1857--1858 marked another peak period in the develop- ment of Marx＇s philosophic and economic theories after his preliminary explorations of philosophy and economics in the 1940s. For a long time there have been heated debates on the theory of three social forms raised in the manuscripts. The paper starts with a clarification of the development context of the theory from the perspective of historical materialism followed by the basic meanings of the three social forms. Based on this discussion, a reflection on the different understandings of the academia about the theory of three major social forms is presented.