广州旧城区传统绅士化现象及其机制研究——以荔湾区逢源街道耀华社区为例

CLASSICAL GENTRIFICATION AND ITS MECHANISM IN GUANGZHOU OLD TOWN——A Case Study of Yaohua Street,Liwan District

本文在对国外传统绅士化概念的内涵与机制进行梳理的基础上,以广州荔湾区逢源街道耀华社区为例探讨了市场转型期中国大城市传统绅士化运动的特征与机制。通过对绅士化特征的分析,本文指出广州作为转型期的中国大城市存在着渐进的自下而上的传统绅士化过程,并具有以下特征:以外来工商人员为主流"绅士",社区人口置换过程缓慢,政府主导社区的景观环境改造。其中,广州市政府的"退二进三"政策及旧城区的商业发展而非文化因素成为传统绅士化的主要动力,破碎的产权结构则是绅士化进程的主要障碍。

Based on the case study of Yaohua neighbourhood in Liwan District, Guangzhou, this paper is to explore the characteristics and mechanism of classical gentrification in large Chinese cities. Located in the heartland of the Guangzhou old town, Yaohua neighbourhood has more than one hundred years history. It used to be residence of rich merchants and the upper class in Guangzhou city. There were therefore many his- torical folk houses, known as Xiguan Dawu in the neighbourhood. However, the neighbourhood began de- cayed after the establishment of the People＇s Republic of China. Until recent years, there are many elderly and urban poor living in the community. Based on questionnaires survey with probability proportional sampling （PPS） method, this study collected the basic information of neighbourhood residents, and divided them into two groups, namely gentrifiers and local residents. Gentrifiers are those who have higher income than the av- erage level of Liwan District and live for shorter time than the average level. Targeting thegentriflers, we car- ried out a few in-depth interviews. This research shows that bottom-up classical gentrification does exist in large Chinese cities, and it has following characteristics： firstly, petty businessmen have been the major gen- triflers, though recently venture investors started to join the force; secondly, the process of gentrification is slow and there is no obvious conflict between gentriflers and local residents; thirdly, the built environment of neighbourhood is mainly improved by the local government, only a small number of restored houses are invested by private capital.