城镇生长的自组织微观动力分析——基于行为自主体自适应的视角

MICRO DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF URBAN SELF-ORGANIZATION——Based on Active Agent's Self-adaption

复杂适应系统理论与多自主体系统理论是理解城镇自组织微观动力的理论基础,个体和企业作为行为自主体,对适应能力的持续性追求是城市自组织的原初动力,是城市系统拥有自适应能力的内在原因,也是城市网络得以形成并不断生长的源泉。个体为了改善其适应状况而进入城镇,通过占据分工网络中经济势能较高的节点而获得满意的适应能力。企业则是为了较高的交易效率、较低的交易成本、更大的市场空间等好处而向城市集聚,从而改善其适应能力。个体和企业的趋同策略及其行为也就是城镇的自组织过程。

The research from self-organization theory has provided very beneficial help to understand the growth mechanism and the power of urban. Many self-organizing urban models have explained the many dimensions of urban growth according to their own perspective of interpretation. In fact, self-organization city models have only shown the macroscopic mechanism and process of urban growth, as for micro explanation based on active agent comes from the study of Complex Adaptive System （CAS） theory and Multi-Agent System （MAS） theory. The adaptability based on active agent is the core concept of CAS theory, thus shows the relationship between the individual active behavior and the system evolution. The characteristic of CAS has many dimensions; firstly, all active agents get effective adaptability to environment, so system has the ability to evolve too; secondly, there is very complicated nonlinear interaction not only among the active agents, but also between the active agents and active environment, which creates the emergence of system; thirdly, interaction among active agents will bring about complex macroscopic phenomena. Based on the study of CAS theory, MAS theory goes further into the analysis on the interaction between each active agent and subsystem agent, so it perfectly builds the inner link among active agents, subsystem and the conversion of system structure and system level, which is in the process of system evolution. In fact, CAS theory and MAS theory are the basis of this paper. Specifically, it is the original dynamic of urban self-organization which results from the active agent＇s pursuing continuous adaptability; it is internal reason that urban self-adaptability is also the source of urban network＇s formation and continuous growth. Individual move to city for work in order to improve adaptability by getting the higher economic potential nodes in division of network; enterprises agglomerate in city to get better adaptability by taking advantage of higher transaction efficiency, lower transaction costs and lager market space. In fact, the process of urban self-organization is the same strategy and behavior of individual and enterprise.