典型石油城市土地利用变化及其生态环境效应——以大庆市为例

Land Use Dynamic Change and Associated Effects on Eco-environment of Typical Petroleum City——A Case Study of Daqing City

以石油开采导致短时间土地利用变化剧烈的典型区域大庆市为研究对象,应用GIS/RS技术分析大庆市土地利用变化特征,并采用修正的相对生态价值分析其土地利用变化的生态环境效应。结果表明:1987-2005年大庆市未利用地、建设用地、耕地和林地呈增加趋势,草地和水域呈减少态势,同时土地利用类型转变频繁,转移量占主导的是草地退化为未利用地;土地利用组合类型数从1987年的2增加到2005年的4,土地利用类型由农业主导转为以工业为主导;研究期内大庆市生态环境质量指数总体呈下降态势;1987-2005年研究区土地利用类型转变同时存在生态环境改善和恶化两种趋势,并且改善程度小于恶化程度,导致其生态环境质量总体上呈下降态势。

Daqing is a typical district which has severe land use change in short time resorted to oil exploitation. Taking it as a study object, the paper analyses the land use change feature with GIS/RS and its eco-environmental effects with ecological value after revise. The results demonstrate that： the un-used land, construction land, cultivated land and forest land have an increase trend form 1987 to 2005. While the grass land and water area decrease. The land use type converts frequently. The grass land degenerated to the un-used land dominants the change. The number of land use combine type has increased form 2 to 4 between 1987 and 2005. The land use type has converted form agriculture dominated to industry dominated. The eco-environmental quality index of Daqing has a totally decrease trend in the research period. The eco-environment has both improvement and deterioration trends from 1987 to 2005. And the improvement is little than the deterioration. It leads to the totally decrease of eco-environmental quality.