特早熟陆地棉的遗传效应及杂种优势分析

Analysis of Genetic Effect and Heterosis of Special-early Mature Gossypium hirsutum L.

用5个特早熟陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)品种进行完全双列杂交,分析了其农艺经济性状的配合力、遗传效应及其杂种优势。五个亲本品种的产量、早熟和纤维品质等主要性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力效应均达到(极)显著水平。产量性状以显性效应为主,早熟性状以加性效应为主,显性效应也相当显著,纤维品质以加性效应为主。同时环境因素对各性状均有极显著的影响效应。杂种优势分析表明,F1代的产量性状以皮棉产量的优势最强,平均为30.71%;子棉产量的优势次之,平均为25.02%;单株结铃数、单铃重、衣分的平均优势分别为16.47%、4.30%和4.10%。生育期和霜前花率等早熟性状F1代的优势比较明显,均表现早熟。纤维品质性状优势不太明显。

Complete diallel cross was carded out using five special-early mature Gossypium hirsutum L. varieties, and the combining ability of agronomic traits, genetic effect, heterosis was analyzed. The results showed that the general combining ability and the specific combining ability of yield, early maturity and fiber quality of the five parental varieties reached significant level. Yield character was mainly on dominant effect, early maturity character was focused on additive effect or dominant effect, while fiber quality trait showed additive effect. Environmental factors had significant effect on all of characters simultaneously. The heterosis analysis showed that the heterosis of lint yield of F, generation was the strongest with an average of 30.71%, followed by seed cotton yield with an average of 25.02%. The average heterosis of boll number per plant, boll weight, and lint was 16.47%, 4.30% and 4.10% respectively. The heterosis of the early mature characters such as growth period, flower rate before the frost of F1 generation was apparent, while it not obvious for fiber quality trait.