基于GIS的秦安县乡村聚落空间演变特征及其驱动机制研究

A GIS-based Research on the Spatial Evolution Characteristics and Driving Mechanism of the Rural Settlements in Qin'an County

以甘肃省秦安县为研究对象,以DEM和1998、2008年秦安县遥感数据为数据源,利用GIS空间分析方法,研究了1998—2008年秦安县乡村聚落的空间分布格局及其变化特征。研究表明:①秦安县人口和聚落密度较高,乡村聚落在空间分布上极为分散,空间扩展特征显著;②秦安县不同高程与坡度上分布的聚落斑块,其数量与面积均存在明显的差异,聚落斑块随高程和坡度均呈正态分布且表现出明显的空间集聚态势;③聚落沿道路与河流集聚分布的趋向十分明显,随着距河流距离的增加,聚落斑块数量迅速减少;④地形等自然条件决定了秦安县乡村聚落的总体空间分布格局,但人口增长、经济发展、城镇建设、交通条件、政策制度以及传统文化等因素,对秦安县乡村聚落空间分布格局的演变具有重要的影响。

Taking Qin’an County of Gansu province as the case,this paper studied the spatial distribution and variational characteristics on the rural settlements in Qin’an County from 1998 to 2008 with DEM and remote sensing data in 1998 and 2008,and with the method of GIS spatial analysis.The results show that：（a）there are large population and the distribution of rural settlements is dispersed extremely and the characteristics of spatial expansion is obvious in Qin’an County;（b）there are obvious differences in quantities and areas of the settlement plaques distributed on different elevations and slopes of Qin’an County,the settlement plaques both present normal distribution along with the elevations and slopes and show obvious space gather momentum;（c）the trend of the distribution centralized along the roads and rivers is very clear,with the increase of the distance from the river,the number of the settlement plaques decrease quickly;（d）the terrain and other natural conditions decided the overall spatial distribution of the rural settlements in Qin’ an County,while some factors,such as population growth,economic development,urban construction,traffic condition,policy system and traditional culture,influenced on the evolution of spatial distribution of the rural settlements in Qin’an County.