美国洪水保险计划分析与启示

Analysis and Inspiration of National Flood Insurance Program in United States

洪水保险是一项重要的防洪减灾的非工程性措施,美国的全国洪水计划作为洪水保险的主要部分已有效实施。从联邦政府、保险公司和公众参与的角度入手分析了美国洪水保险模式,介绍了美国洪水保险的对象与赔偿额度和洪水保险费率的确定,简要评析了美国洪水保险计划的效果及作用。结合我国国情,应重视发挥洪水保险制度在洪涝防治中的积极作用,同时提出了对我国洪水风险管理制度体系建立的几点启示。

Flood insurance is an important nonstructural measure of flood mitigation. The National Flood Insurance Program （NFIP） , as one of the main flood insurance programs in the United States, has been effectively implemented. From the perspectives of the federal government, insurance companies, and public participation, the mode of flood insurance in the United States was analyzed. The amount of flood insurance compensation and determination of the premium rate were studied. The effect and role of the NFIP were briefly commented. Given the flood situation of China, the positive roles of the flood insur- ance in flood mitigation were emphasized. Finally, advice on the establishment of Chinese flood risk man- agement system was given.