氮磷钾施用量对马铃薯产量及品质的影响

The Effects of Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Fertilizer Combination on the Yield and Quality of Potato

试验采用"3414"最优回归设计,研究了氮、磷、钾不同施用量对马铃薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明:处理N2P2K2产量最高,达到42 275.09kg/hm2,增产88.1%;其次为处理N2P2K1,产量为40 472.60kg/hm2,增产80.0%。马铃薯单株结薯数、单薯重以及大中薯率均以处理N2P2K2最高,分别达到4.97个/株、174.95g/块、99.05%,并且均显著高于处理N0P0K0;氮、磷、钾肥施用量对马铃薯块茎淀粉含量和蛋白质含量影响不显著,磷肥有利于还原糖含量的降低和Vc含量的提高,氮肥则相反,使块茎中还原糖含量增加,而Vc含量降低。在本试验条件下,马铃薯高产优质的氮、磷、钾肥适宜施肥方案为:纯N 114.0～150kg/hm2、P2O5 63.75～75kg/hm2、K2O 220～270kg/hm2。

To seek the best fertilizer levels for high yield and good quality of potatoes, the optimum regression design＂ 3414 ＂ was adopted to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization. The results： The N2PzK2 had the highest yield which reached 42 275.09kg/hm/, an increase of 88.1% compared with NoPoKo. N2P2Kl had the second order which reached 40 472.60kg/hm2, an increase of 80.0%. The number of tuber per plant, single tuber weight and medium-sized potato tuber rate were 4.97/plant, 174.95 g and 99.05 % , respectively. They were significantly higher than NoPoK0 ;Different NPK combinations affected starch and protein content insignif- icantly. Sugar content increased and Ve content deereased with P while N had a reverse effect. In the experiment, combined application of N, P and K could increased yield and improved the quality of potato. The optimum application rate was N 112.2 - 150kg/hm2 .P2O5 63.71 -75kg/hm2 ,K20 270 -321.45kg/hm2.