大佛像源流刍议

Discussion on the Origin of the Colossal Buddhist Statue

大佛像主要见于龟兹、巴米扬和云冈等石窟中,一般认为这类石窟首创于龟兹地区。通过对地面佛寺的考察,本文认为,大佛像首先出现于公元4世纪的犍陀罗地面佛寺中。龟兹地区的大像窟,是将犍陀罗大佛像和回字形佛寺这两种因素融合在一起而创造出来的。新疆米兰地区亦发现有犍陀罗风格的大佛像,这证明了地面佛寺中的大佛像也传播到了西域地区。

The colossal Buddhist statues, which were erected in many Buddhist grottoes such as Kizil, Bamiyan, and Yungang, have attracted wide attention. Investigation of Buddhist ground temples suggests that the colossal Buddhist statues first appeared in Gandharan temples in the 4th century CE, and the great Buddha caves in Kizil were created by combining the grand Gandharan Buddhist statues with the temples in a U-shaped plan. Colossal Buddhist statues of the Gandharan style were also found in Milan in Xinjiang. This verifies that colossal Buddhist statues in ground temples were also introduced into the Western Regions.