国外大部制梳理与借鉴

The Summarization and Reference of Foreign Super-Ministry System

大部制是市场经济发达国家普遍采用的一种政府组织模式。与传统的"小部制"相比,大部制具有明显的比较优势。国外组建大部门的一般规律是,先在同领域整合,后向跨领域整合扩展;政务类部门多为同领域的大部,经济和社会类部门多为跨领域的大部;谁与谁组合无一定之规,关键是职能相互融合。部门内部的机构重组也是大部制改革的重要内容,国外的流行趋势是实行决策与执行分开,设立各种形式的执行机构,具体可分为5种模式。

The Super - Ministry System is popularly adopted by the market - economic developed countries as a government model and has obvious comparative advantages, comparing with the traditional Small - Ministry System~. The general rules of foreign forming super ministry include： from the beginning to integrate in the same field and then expand integration near the areas, the government - affairs departments of cabinet are mostly large ministries in the same area and the economic and social de- partments of cabinet are mostly large ministries in across - area, there is no uniform model to form a large ministry, and the key is mutual mergence between functions. Optimizing the internal agencies of a ministry is an important part of the super - ministry reform. The trends are to separate decision - making and execution, set up different kinds of executive agencies, which could be divided into five kinds of patterns.