我国农产品主产区土地可持续利用评价

Sustainability Assessment of Land Use in Main Agricultural Production Regions in China

农产品主产区土地利用的可持续性状况直接关乎国家的粮食安全。综合资源环境、经济和社会要素,构建了以县域为单元的土地可持续利用评价指标体系,基于变权理论,评价分析了我国8个农产品主产区土地可持续利用现状及其动态。结果表明:各农产品主产区的土地资源环境、经济和社会可持续性的空间分布呈现明显差异。资源环境优良、人均GDP较高的四川盆地、黄淮海平原和长江中游及江淮地区的土地资源环境和经济可持续性均明显高于其他地区,尤其是生态脆弱的新疆和内蒙古东部地区;黄淮海平原、长江中游及江淮地区和松嫩平原90%以上的县域土地利用社会可持续性达到较高度及以上水平。2000—2008年间,各农产品主产区的土地经济和社会可持续性变幅要高于资源环境可持续性的变幅。四川盆地、松嫩平原、三江平原和黄淮海平原土地资源环境可持续性增强,其较高度及以上水平的县域个数比例增加10个百分点以上,华南蔗果区、新疆和内蒙古东部区则减弱,而各农产品主产区土地经济可持续性均有不同程度的提高。同时,黄淮海平原的水资源负载指数增加,四川盆地和长江中游及江淮地区进一步激化的人地矛盾和华南蔗果区城乡收入差距增大等现象值得关注。

The land use sustainability in main agricultural production regions in China concerns the national food security. Based on the variable weight theory, the paper constructs a sustain- ability assessment model of land use with indicators covering three pillars of natural resource and environment, economy and society at the county level, with the aim to depict the status and dy- namic changes of land use sustainability among the eight agricultural production regions in China. The results showed that, the maps clearly presented the spatial variability obviously existed among the three pillars： natural resource and environmental, economic and social sustainability, and the change range of the latter two aspects was larger than the first aspect between 2000 and 2008. In 2008, Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, middle Yangtze River and Jianghuai region, and Sichuan Basin with the better resource environment and higher GDP, showed a higher natural resource and eco- nomic sustainability level than other regions, especially the ecological fragile regions like Xinjiang and eastern part of Inner Mongolia. As for the social sustainability, the sustainability above the moderate level in middle Yangtze River and Jianghuai region, Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and Songnen Plain covered above 90% of the county proportion separately. Between 2000 and 2008, the natu- ral and environmental sustainability in Sichuan Basin, Songnen Plain, Sanjiang Plain and Huang- Huai-Hai Plain showed an increasing trend, with the county proportion increment above 10%, while west of South China, Xinjiang and eastern part of Inner Mongolia showed a decreasing trend. In terms of economic sustainability, different degree improvement occurred in the eight ag- ricultural production regions. The noteworthy was the more contentious human-land conflict in Si- chuan Basin and middle Yangtze River and Jianghuai region and the remarkable income gap be- tween urban and rural area in west of South China.