从杜笃《祓禊赋》试观先秦时期迷信思想及崇巫观念——与出土文献合证

Superstitious Thought and Witch-worshiping Consciousness in Pre-Qin Period:a View from Du Du's Fuxi Fu

作于东汉之杜笃《祓禊赋》系篇描写古代祓禊民俗场面之作,祓禊是上巳日里最重要的一个活动,在中国古代是一个极受重视的巫术仪式,观审传世文献与出土材料,祓禊一事是加载官方礼制文书的,可见这是一个举国参与的祭祀活动,其受重视之程度毋须赘言。随着社会的变迁,上巳习俗渗入了历史发展过程中积淀下来的时代内容和特色,与它的原生形态有着极大的不同。俗信从迷信中的解放,是民俗发展必然的结果,然其最根本的原因,在于社会日益进步和逐渐丰盈的知识。随着社会、思想多元的呈现,许多迷信被解放出来转化为俗信时,就成为生活上、心理上常见的习惯,如上巳节、端午节、中元节的过节习俗即是由此产生。

Fuxi Fu written an important activity at Shangsi ges, content and characteristics by Du Du in the East Han Dynasty describes the folk scene in ancient China. As Day, Fuxi is witchcraft rituals with great and nationwide attention. As society chan- of later times add into the Shangsi custom, making it much different from its origi- nal form,＇ That folk custom frees from superstition is an inevitable result of folk custom development. The essential reason for this lies in the social progress and knowledge enrichment. As multiple society and thought appear, much superstition changes to be folk custom in forms of living and psychological habits such as Shangsi Festivals, Dragon Boat Festival and Zhongyuan Festival.