从藏缅语定语助词的演变反观汉语

The Reflecting Observation of Chinese Attributive Auxiliary Word Evolutionary in the Tibeto-Burman Languages

本文通过藏缅语与汉语定语助词的比较,从藏缅语定语助词的历时演变来反观汉语,指出汉语和藏缅语定语助词的发展脉络基本一致,都经历了从无到有、从少到多、再从多到少的过程。汉语方言间的差异是定语助词语法化过程中"存古化"和"层次化"特征的体现。汉语定语助词处于演变链的最高环节,其隐性特征、广泛的分布以及丰富的语法功能,正是演变链最高环节的特征体现。汉语的分析性特点决定了在表达复杂的概念时,必然采用有定语助词为标记的"迂说式",其后续的演变趋势只能是词汇化而非形态化。定语居前型语序是汉语定语助词得以产生和充分发展的有利语序条件。

By comparing the attributive auxiliary word evolution in the Tibeto-Burman Languages and Chinese,the paper observes the characteristics of the attributive auxiliary word in Chinese.Then come to these conclusions：（1）The track of the development of the attributive auxiliary word in the Tibeto-Burman Languages and Chinese is same.（2）The difference of the attributive auxiliary word between the Chinese dialects is the reflection of the layering and persistent during the grammaticalization process.（3）The attributive auxiliary word in Chinese is in the highest tache of the evolutionary chain.And all of the characters such as the covert character,the wide distribution and the rich grammatical functions are the features on the highest tache of the evolutionary chain.（4）Because of the Chinese analytical character it will choose the periphrastic constructions to express the complex concepts,and the evolution direction following up is the lexicalization instead of morphologization.（5）The anterior attributive construction promoted the emergence and the development of attributive auxiliary word in Chinese.