对阿多诺、霍克海默启蒙批判的几点反思

Some reflections on Enlightenment criticism conducted by Adorno and Horkheimer

"启蒙辩证法"构成阿多诺、霍克海默启蒙批判的核心内容,尽管有其深刻与独到之处,但他们把对理性的局限性的批判变成了对理性的绝对批判。对启蒙的批判早在启蒙时代即已开始,哈曼与雅各比对启蒙运动的哲学基础的怀疑所显出来的思想深度并不亚于"启蒙辩证法;"启蒙理性并不完全等于神话,它还具有"综合—分析"的方法论优势,这种优势导致霍布斯与孟德斯鸠的政治自由主义;启蒙理性也并不必然导致工具理性,对工具理性背后的科学主义、资本主义工商逻辑的批判如果依托一个混沌不明的价值立场,将无法预言与建构未来。

The Dialectic of Enlightenment constitutes the core content of Enlightenment Criticism conducted by Adorno and Horkheimer. Although it is unique and profound, they change their criticism to the rational limitation into the absolute criticism of reason. Firstly, criticizing Enlightenment had already started early in the age of en- lightenment while the doubt to the philosophical basis of Enlightenment by Haman and Jacobi could enhance our thinking no less than ＂ The Dialectic of Enlightenment＂. Secondly, Enlightenment rationality is not equal to the myth, and it has a comprehensive-analysis advantage that leads in the political liberalism held by Hobbes and Mon- tesquieu. Thirdly, Enlightenment rationality does not necessarily result in the instrumental rationality, and if our critique to the scientism and capitalist industry and commerce logic behind the instrumental rationality relies on a chaos and unclear value position, we cant predict and construct the future.