神经疾病并发医院获得性肺炎的危险因素及其干预

Risk factors for neurological diseases complicated with hospital-acquired pneumonia and their intervention

医院获得性肺炎（hospital—acquired pneumonia,HAP）是神经疾病患者的常见并发症，其发生率和病死率都很高，并导致住院时间延长和住院费用增加。因此，如何有效预防HAP应成为神经内科医生关注的重点。HAP的危险因素众多，如高龄、意识障碍、吞咽困难、体位、口咽部细菌定植、机械通气、肠内营养、应激性溃疡预防药物等。明确HAP的危险因素并采取相应措施加强防护，可减少HAP发生并改善患者预后。

Hospital-acquired pneumonia （HAP） is a very common complication in patients with neurological diseases. Its incidence and mortality are very high and result in a prolonged hospital stay and an increase in hospitalization costs. Therefore, how to effectively prevent HAP has become the focus of attention by neurologists. There are many risk factors for HAP, such as advanced age, conscious disorders, dysphagia, body position, oropharyngeal colonization, mechanical ventilation, enteral nutrition, and stress tdcer prevention drugs, etc. Clearing the risk factors for HAP and taking appropriate measures to strengthen protection may reduce the occurrence of HAP and improve the prognosis of patients.