住院脑出血患者肺部感染的病原菌分布及危险因素分析

Pathogens causing pulmonary infections in hospitalized patients with cerebral hemorrhage and risk factors

目的了解住院脑出血患者引起肺部感染的病原菌分布及危险因素。方法选取医院2009年5月-2011年8月脑出血采取保守治疗患者共132例,按是否发生肺部感染分为两组,感染组31例,非感染组101例;根据收集的相关资料进行回顾性分析。结果感染组共检出病原菌49株,肺炎克雷伯菌12株占24.5%,鲍氏不动杆菌9株占18.4%,铜绿假单胞菌8株占16.3%,大肠埃希菌7株占14.3%,粪肠球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌各4株,各占8.2%,奇异变形菌和鲁氏不动杆菌各1株,各占2.0%;肺部感染的危险因素为慢性疾病史、使用≥3种抗菌药物、吞咽障碍、年龄>60岁,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对引发肺部感染的病原菌分布及相关危险因素进行预防,给予患者更好的护理,以降低医院肺部感染的发生。

OBJECTIVE To study the distribution of the pathogens causing pulmonary infections in patients with cerebaral hemorrhage and risk factors.METHODS A total of 132 patients with cerebral hemorrhage who were received conservative therapy from May 2009 to Aug 2011 were selected and divided into two groups in accordance with the status of pulmonary infections,31 cases were set as the infection group and 101 cases were set as the non-infection group;the correlated data were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS There were totally 49 pathogens isolated,comprising of 12（24.5%） strains of Kebsiella pneumoniae,9（18.4%） strains of Acinetobacter baumannii,8（16.3%） strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and 7（14.3%） strains of Escherichia coli,4（8.2%） strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphyloccocus aureus and 1（2.0%） strain of Proteus mirabilis and Lu’s Acinetobacter;the chronic disease,age（〉60 years old）,dysphagia and use of 3 or more than 3 antibiotics were the risk factors for pulmonary infections,the differences were statistically significant（all P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION It is necessary to strengthen the prevention in accordance with the distribution of the pathogens and the related risk factors and give the patients better nursing so as to decrease the incidence of nosocomial pulmonary infections.