社区参与旅游的制度性增权研究

A Study of Institutional Provision-Type Empowerment of Community Participation in Tourism

西方研究者认为社区参与旅游迫切需要解决的是信息、心理、教育和社会增权,而中国现阶段由于产权界定模糊导致的制度性的缺权才是阻碍旅游地社区通过参与旅游获得公平发展的主要障碍,西方国家清晰的产权制度使得其旅游增权理论欠缺了对制度性缺权状态的研究。本文在对制度和增权等基本概念进行辨析的基础上,划分了4种制度性增权类型,分别讨论了制度缺失和制度失灵两种社区参与旅游的缺权状态,探索了中国的政治体制和社会现实下可行的制度性增权途径,为进一步开展旅游社区增权的实践研究夯实了理论基础。

Recently community empowerment has aroused concern from domestic tourism researchers, specially the institutional provision-type empowerment. Viewing from the current theoretical and practical situation, this paper explores into the framework and methods of applying institutional empowerment theory into Chinese tourism practices. It explores the key concepts of the theory, the specific content and approaches of its realization. The result indicates that the existing ＂ system shortage＂ and the ＂ system failure＂ lead to two different kinds of institutional provision-type empowerment. The variety of China＇ s tourism resouroes causes the diversity of community participation forms in tourism development. The author believes that institutional provision-type empowerment should adapt to the diversity of community structures, and that ＂Bottom up＂ is better than ＂top down＂ in protecting the right of community participation in tourism.