俄国圣主教公会1901年2月决议的前史及特点

The History and Features of the Resolution——Made by the Bishop Guild of Russia in February 1901

1901年2月俄国圣主教公会发布公告,将著名作家和思想家列夫.托尔斯泰革除教籍,俄国全社会为之哗然。这一决议的出台有一个长期的准备过程,也是各种情势交织的必然结果,但俄国教会当局出台该决议的初衷并不是要将作家永久逐出教会,因此决议的行文相对比较温和。当时的俄国政府并没有参与到这一文件的制定当中来,很大程度上其对这一决议的出台过程并不知情,因此,主教公会1901年2月针对托尔斯泰的决议只是俄国教会为维护教会信仰正统性的单方面行动。

In February 1901, the Bishop guild of Russia announced an anathema against Lev Tolstoy and all Russian society burst into an uproar. This resolution had a long-prepared process and it was an inevitable result of complicated circumstances. But the Russian guild authorities＇ original intention of promulgating the resolution was not to evict him permanently from the church so that the style of writing the resolution was relatively gentler. The Russian government at that time was not involved in the formulation of the resolution document and knew nothing about the process of setting forth the resolution to a greater degree. Therefore, making this resolution was only a unilateral action of the Russian church to stick up for religious orthodoxy.