我国高等职业教育的层次及其培养策略

The Levels and Training Strategies of Higher Vocational Education in China

我国高等职业教育已经形成了涵盖专科、本科、硕士、博士四个层次的相对完整的体系。专科层次主要为企业培养高技能型人才。本科层次主要分为应用型本科和师资型本科,应用型本科教育注重加强实践教学环节,师资型本科注重加强学生"双师型"能力建设。硕士层次包括专业硕士学位、中职学校教师在职攻读硕士学位和全日制职业技术教育学专业硕士生教育,应明确各自的培养目标、采用灵活的教育教学模式,加大实践教学环节。博士层次含专业博士学位和职业技术教育学专业博士生教育,应针对该领域重大实际问题,着力提升学位申请者对本领域的实际贡献,激发创新性成果的涌现。

Higher vocational education in China has already formed the education and training system which has four integrated levels covering junior college, undergraduate, master and doctor. The junior college mainly focuses on improving teaching quality and cultivating high-skilled employees for the enterprises. The level of undergraduate is separated into two types which are application-oriented and teacher cultivation-oriented. The former should enhance practice teaching links and the latter should enhance the cultivation of students＇ ＂dual-qualification＂ abilities. The level of master includes professional master degree, the study for a master degree of secondary vocational school teachers at their posts and the full-time master of vocational and technical education, which should make clear their training goals respectively, adopt flexible teaching modes and enhance practice teaching links. The level of doctor contains professional doctorate degree and the education to the doctoral students of vocational and technical education, which should take great pains to pro- mote the degree applicants＇ academic contribution to this field and stimulate the emerging of creative achievements, etc.