可持续发展新里程:问题与探索——参加“里约+20”联合国可持续发展大会之思考

New Landmark of Sustainable Development:Questions and Explorations——Review on United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development(the Rio+20)

"里约+20"峰会成果文件《我们憧憬的未来》重申了"共同但有区别的责任"原则;决定启动可持续发展目标讨论进程;肯定绿色经济是实现可持续发展的重要手段之一;决定建立更加有效的可持续发展机制框架;敦促发达国家履行官方发展援助承诺。这是"里约+20"峰会取得的重要成果,这项成果开启了可持续发展的新里程,其理论探索和实践总结将是学术界不懈努力的方向。在《我们憧憬的未来》的框架下,整合现有可持续发展的相关政策,综合考虑各国独特的社会、经济发展和环境保护问题的特殊性,认为可持续发展研究需要在以下6个方面做出努力:①绿色经济的概念、发展模式与政策创新研究,主要包含了绿色经济的内涵;绿色经济与可持续发展之间的关系;绿色经济与就业、脱贫等之间的关系;衡量绿色经济的具体指标体系;对不同区域和不同行业经济发展绿化程度的测度;绿色壁垒的形式以及对我国国际贸易的影响;发展绿色经济对国际政治经济格局的影响;绿色经济的发展模式与政策创新研究等。②自然资本核算、生态补偿机制与政策研究,主要包含了自然资本的内涵;自然资本与可持续发展之间的关系;各种生态服务之间的耦合关系;如何建立基于自然资本核算方法体系的多层次多元化的生态补偿投融资及其运行机制和生态补偿方式;如何从法律、体制、机制、政策等多层面构建一套完整、具有可操作性的生态补偿政策和制度保障体系等。③可持续发展的全球治理机制研究,主要包含了可持续发展领域的国际合作与冲突机制及有效的全球环境治理机制和可持续发展的国际管理体制的研究;中国、巴西、印度等新兴经济体应该如何应对在未来全球可持续发展中面临的压力和责任及经济全球化对于可持续发展的负面影响等。④科技创新与可持续发展研究,主要包含了科技创新对可持续发展的贡献度;各类型产业可持续发展技术(或者是低碳技术、绿色技术等)的识别、评价和预测;可持续发展技术的创新机制研究;如何通过加强可持续技术的研发和应用,促进绿色产业发展和民生改善等。⑤可持续发展的投融资机制研究,主要包含了提高可持续发展中转移支付、生态环境保护专项资金(基金)、生态税、税收差异化等财政手段效率的体制和机制创新问题;如何推进投融资渠道和方式多元化,实现资金供给与资本结构优化的协调互动和资金配置与运作效率的高效互动等。⑥可持续发展利益相关方的有效参与机制研究,主要包含了系统研究可持续发展利益相关者参与机制创新的可行路径,建立中国可持续发展利益相关者参与的分析框架;研究与设计能够在宏观(或共性)层面和微观(或个性)层面有效运行的参与机制;研究可持续发展利益相关者参与机制创新的制度相容性和实践可行性。

The Future We Want reiterates the principle ＂Common but Differentiated Responsibility＂, decides to initiate the process of the discussion about sustainable development objectives, recognizes that green economy is one of the important means to achieve sustainable development, decides to establish a more effective framework of sustainable development and urges developed countries to fulfill their commitments of official development assistance. This is Rio ＋ 20＇ s main outcome and opens a new mileage of sustainable development. The academia will spare no efforts exploring the theory and summarize practical experience. After integrating the existing policies about sustainable development and considering each country＇ s particularity in society, economic development and environmental protection in the framework of The Future We Want, we think that we should make efforts in these six areas： （1） The first part is research on the concept of ＇ green economy＇ , development model and policy innovation. This part mainly includes the connotation of ＇green economy＇ , the connection between green economy and sustainable development, the connection between green economy and employment, the index system measuring green economy, the measurements on the degree of greening of economic development in different areas and industries, green trade barriers＇ form and their int2nence on China＇ s international trade, the influence on the international political situation caused by the development of green economy, and the development model of green economy and the policy innovation. （2）The second part is research on natural capital accounting, ecological compensation mechanism and policy. This part mainly includes the connotation of natural capital, the connection between natural capital and sustainable development, the coupling relationship among different ecosystem services, the method of establishing a multi-layered and diversified investment and financing mechanism of ecological compensation based on the natural capital accounting methodology, and the method of establishing a complete and operational ecological compensation policy and protection system from many levels including laws, institutions, mechanisms and policies. （~） The third part is research on the global governance mechanisms of sustainable development. This part mainly includes the international cooperation and conflict mechanism and international management system in the field of sustainable development, and the way of emerging economies like China, Brazil and India facing the pressures and responsibilities in global sustainable development in the future and the bad influence on sustainable development caused by economic globalization. （4） The fourth part includes research on technology innovation and sustainable development. This part mainly includes the contribution to sustainable development by technology innovation, the identification, evaluation and prediction of sustainable development technology （or low-carbon technology, or green technology ） in various industries, the innovation mechanism of sustainable development technology, and the method of promoting the development of green industries and improving people＇ s livelihood by strengthening the development and application of sustainable development technology. （5） The fifth part is research on the investment and financing mechanism of sustainable development. This part mainly includes the method of improving the efficiency of many financial means such as transfer payments, ecological environment protection special fund, eco-taxes and tax differentiation, making the channels and ways of investment and financing diversified, and then realizing good interaction between capital supply and optimal capital structure and effective interaction between allocation of funds and operational efficiency. （6） The last part is research on effective participation mechanism of all stakeholders during the process of sustainable development. This part mainly includes the systematic study of the feasible path of all stakeholders＇ participation, establishing a analytical framework of stakeholders＇ participation in China, designing a participation mechanism which can work effectively in both macro and micro levels, and the research on constitutional compatibility and practical feasibility of stakeholders＇ participation mechanism during the process of sustainable development.