不同覆盖措施对丘陵地土壤水分和温度及花生生长发育的影响

Effects of Different Mulching Measures on Soil Moisture and Temperature of Hilly Land and Peanut Growth

为了探讨提高丘陵地地力水平和蓄水保墒能力,确保丘陵花生持续增产的栽培技术措施。在2个典型的丘陵花生生产区,研究了不同覆盖措施对丘陵地土壤水分和温度及花生生长发育的影响。结果表明：与露地栽培方式相比,花生生长前期覆膜覆草和覆膜处理的土壤含水量均极显著高于覆草和露地处理;同时,花生生长前期不同覆盖措施对土壤温度有明显的提升作用,其中以覆膜覆草和覆膜处理提高幅度较大。不同覆盖措施对花生生长发育进程也有明显的促进作用,可提前3~6天;而且不同覆盖措施可促进花生植株生长,提高荚果产量,其中覆膜覆草处理荚果产量最高,比露地栽培平均高24.69%。研究认为：地膜覆盖与秸秆覆盖结合成二元覆盖可以综合覆膜和覆草两者的优点,是提高丘陵地地力水平和蓄水保墒能力,确保丘陵花生持续增产的重要栽培技术。

For discussing the cultivation technical measures of peanut,in order to improve soil fertility level and water storage and conservation capacity of hilly land,and to ensure the sustained increasing of peanut yield in hill country,the experiments were carried out on the effects of different mulching measures on soil moisture and temperature of hilly land and the growth of peanut at two typical hilly peanut production areas.The results showed that,compared with open field cultivation（conventional mode）,soil water content under film and straw bio-mulching treatment and film mulching treatment was significantly higher than that under straw mulching and open field treatment at the early growth stage of peanut.Meanwhile,different coating measures had the significantly improving effects on soil temperature at the early growth stage of peanut,and among them,the increased range of the binary mulching and film mulching treatment was larger.Different mulching measures had a significant promoting role on the growth and development process of peanut,ahead of 3-5 d.Different mulching measures improved the pod yield of peanut,among them,the pod yield under film and straw bio-mulching treatment was the highest,which was average higher 23.15% than open field cultivation treatment.The comprehensive evaluation showed that,a binary covers with film and straw mulching can integrate the advantages of both them,which was an important cultivation technical measure to improve soil fertility level and water storage and conservation capacity of hilly land,and to ensure the sustained increasing of peanut yield in hill country.