广州市青少年饮食行为分析

Analysis of dietary behaviors of adolescents in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市青少年饮食行为习惯,为开展有针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用"中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷",对分层整群随机抽取的广州市66所大、中学校11 939名学生进行问卷调查。结果广州市青少年偏食行为检出率为29.87%。调查前7 d经常饮用汽水饮料以及进食甜点、油炸食品、快餐及经常吃路边摊的不健康饮食行为比例分别为6.83%,18.36%,9.72%,0.71%和1.52%;很少吃水果、蔬菜,少用早餐,少喝牛奶的行为比例依次为18.20%,2.74%,3.47%和38.74%。经常喝汽水饮料的男生(9.36%)明显多于女生(4.66%),而经常吃甜点的女生(20.42%)则明显多于男生(15.98%);城市青少年经常吃西式快餐(0.90%)的比例明显高于农村青少年(0.36%),而农村青少年很少喝牛奶(54.22%)的比例明显高于城市青少年(30.57%);6.78%的大学生很少吃早餐,47.77%的职中生很少喝牛奶。结论广州市青少年不健康饮食行为普遍存在,不同性别、地区及学段均有各自的特点。应采取有针对性的健康教育措施。

Objective To study the dietary behaviors of adolescents in Guangzhou,and to provide scientific evidence for intervention.Methods A ＂Questionnaire of Health Related Behaviors Among Adolescents in China＂ was conducted among 11 939 students in 66 schools in Guangzhou.Results It showed that 29.87% of surveyed adolescents had food preference behaviors.The rates of unhealthy dietary behaviors like often drinking soft drinks,often eating desserts,fried foods,western-style fast food and often eating at street vendors were 6.83%,18.36%,9.72%,0.71% and 1.52%;The rates of rarely eating fruit,vegetables,having breakfast and drinking milk were 18.20%,2.74%,3.47% and 38.74%.Boys（9.36%） who often drink soft drinks were more than girls（4.66%）.As for often eating dessert,girls（20.42%） were more common than boys（15.98%）;The rates of often eating western-style fast food（0.90%） in urban youth was significantly higher than that of rural young people（0.36%）,while the proportion of rural young people rarely drinking milk（54.22%） was higher than in urban adolescents（30.57%）.About 6.78% of college students rarely ate breakfast and 47.77% of vocational students rarely drank milk.Conclusion Unhealthy dietary behaviors are prevailing among adolescents in Guangzhou,different gender,region and age have their own characteristics.Appropriate health education should be adopted.