清入关前满洲宗教信仰的嬗变及其作用

Changes and Roles of Manzhou's Religions before the Establishment of the Qing Dynasty

满洲的先世信仰的宗教主要是萨满教。从满洲形成前后至清入关前,满洲的宗教信仰发生了巨大的变化,主要表现在:对本民族的传统宗教萨满教进行了整合和规范;逐渐吸纳了其他民族的儒释道和喇嘛教等宗教,宗教信仰呈现多元化趋势,但仍以信仰萨满教为主,其他宗教为辅。这种变化不仅对满洲的形成和清朝的崛起起到了巨大的促进作用,而且对清入关后的宗教政策也产生了极其深远的影响。

Most of the ancestors of Manzhou people believed in Saman religion. During the period of the establishment of Manzhou and the Qing dynasty, there were dramatic changes in their religious beliefs, which found expression in the following, the integration and standardization of Saman religion as the dominant religion, the gradual acceptance of other religions like Confucianism, Buddhism, Ta- oism and Lamaism. This religious pluralism played a key role in promoting the establishment of Manzhou and the Qing dynasty and exerted far-reaching influence on the later religious policies after the establishment the Qing dynasty.