宪法文本中宪法责任条款的设置论析——以宪法制裁的实现为视角

Terms of Constitutional Liability in the Perspective of Constitutional Sanction

宪法责任是指因违反宪法的规则、原则与精神而承担的否定性法律后果;宪法制裁则是指因违宪所应承担的宪法责任的具体表现形式,宪法责任是宪法制裁的基础与前提。通过对外国宪法文本中责任主体、依据、形式、程序等条款设置的考察,发现我国宪法文本中相关责任条款在责任主体、依据、形式、追究主体与程序机制等方面存在不足。在现行法律体系框架内,认真对待并充分实施宪法功能是通过宪法制裁维护宪法权威的基础,完善宪法责任条款的相关操作程序规则与操作技术是通过宪法制裁维护宪法权威的关键。

Constitutional liability refers to the bearing of the legal consequences due to the violation of the constitution, while constitutional sanction is its representation. Constitutional liability is the base and precondition of constitutional sanction. Through a comparison of the terms in the foreign constitutions, it has been found that the Chinese constitution has some defects in terms of subject, form, procedure, basis, etc. which need further improvement.