日本低失业率形成原因及其对中国的启示

Analysis of the Formative Causes of Low Unemployment Rate in Japan

在全球经济体系中,日本长期以来一直保持着比较低的失业率水平。为什么日本能够实现低失业率?文中通过对日本与世界主要发达国家的失业率进行比较分析,从日本的雇佣制度入手,着重从维持日本低失业率的雇佣体系中的边缘劳动力、潜在劳动力以及"春斗"3个方面来分析日本低失业率达成的原因。但是日本泡沫经济崩溃之后,劳资关系的结构改革使得失业率上升,经济难以从长期的低迷中走出来。这对处于经济二次转型时期的中国,伴随着经济增长的同时失业率也在不断上升,吸取日本的经验、避免其问题,为制定合理有效的劳资关系政策提供一些有益的启示。

Economically speaking, Japan has kept a relatively low unemployment rate for a long time. The paper analyzes why Japan could achieve such low unemployment rate by comparing it with the unemployment rate of other major economies, focusing on the three respects of the marginal la- bor, potential labor and shunto which have upheld the low unemployment rate of Japan. However, after the burst of the economic bubble, Japanese economy has been struggling with a long-term reces- sion under a rising unemployment rate which is also caused by the structural reforms of labor rela- tions. It is significant for China in the transitional period and with a growing unemployment rate to learn from Japan by working out reasonable and effective policies of labor relations.