词语审美价值的释放和张扬——谈莫言小说寻常词语艺术化的路径和方式

The Release and Publicity of the Words' Aesthetic Value

莫言是新时期先锋小说著名作家,其小说将乡土化的语言与超常搭配的现代叙事策略相融,使那些信手拈来的普通词语达到了"寻常词语艺术化"的高度。"艺术化"是文艺语体的一个重要特征,属于词语的"常格"修辞,比词语的"变异"修辞有着更丰富、更深层次的美学价值;对莫言小说寻常词语艺术化的考察要深入词义内部,运用义位组合理论来理解"艺术化"词语审美信息的语义基础。以义值、义域为基点,联系词语的超常搭配来考察莫言小说,不难发现其"艺术化"路径有两种:一种是突破义位的常规义值,违反词义词性的组合规则以激活陪义而形成审美涵义;另一种是突破义位的常规义域,跨范畴组合词语以滤取隐喻义而形成审美涵义。

Mo Yan is a famous writer well - known in pioneer novels of the New Era, whose novels blend the local language with narrative strategies of the extraordinary match , which makes the ordinary words reach the height of ＂the artistic of usual words＂. ＂Artistic＂ is an important feature of the literary style, which belongs to the ＂regular grid＂ rhetoric of words, and has a richer, deeper level of aesthetic value than the ＂variant＂ rhetoric of words. This article, which investigates Mo Yan novels, makes the semantic value and semantic domain as the basic point, and links the extraordinary match of words. Its ＂artistic＂ paths have two ways： on the one hand, it achieves ＂artistic＂ through breaking the conventional semantic value and matching the words forcibly in order to activate the accompanying meaning. On the other hand, it forms the aesthetic meaning through breaking the conven- tional semantic domain and combining words across categories to leach and the metaphorical meaning.